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Donald K. Burleson Oracle Utilities Tips |
Step 5: Analyze tkprof Output
This is the most difficult step in the process. Each tkprof output file contains a header, body, and summary section. The header simply displays the trace file name, definitions, and sort options selected. The body contains the performance metrics for SQL statements. The summary section contains an aggregate of performance statistics for all SQL statements in the file.
tkprof Output
tkprof: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Dec 24 15:32:43 2002
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Trace file: ORCL92_ora_3064.trc
Sort options: default
********************************************************************************
count = number of times OCI procedure was executed
cpu = cpu time in seconds executing
elapsed = elapsed time in seconds executing
disk = number of physical reads of buffers from disk
query = number of buffers gotten for consistent read
current = number of buffers gotten in current mode (usually for update)
rows = number of rows processed by the fetch or execute call
********************************************************************************
select *
from
employee where emp_id = 87933
call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Parse 10 0.00 0.03 0 0 0 0
Execute 10 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Fetch 20 0.34 0.35 72 4730 0 10
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
total 40 0.34 0.39 72 4730 0 10
Misses in library cache during parse: 1
Optimizer goal: CHOOSE
Parsing user id: 59
Rows Row Source Operation
------- ---------------------------------------------------
1 TABLE ACCESS FULL EMPLOYEE
********************************************************************************
The output displays a table of performance metrics after each unique SQL statement. Each row in the table corresponds to each of the three steps required in SQL processing.
1. Parse – The translation of the SQL into an execution plan. This step includes syntax checks, permissions, and all object dependencies.
2. Execute – The actual execution of the statement.
3. Fetch – The number of rows returned for a SELECT statement.
The table columns include the following:
• Count – The number of times a statement was parsed, executed, or fetched.
• CPU – The total CPU time in seconds for all parse, execute, or fetch calls.
• Elapsed – Total elapsed time in seconds for all parse, execute, or fetch calls.
• Disk – The number of physical disk reads from the datafiles for all parse, execute, or fetch calls.
• Query – The number of buffers retrieved for all parse, execute, or fetch calls.
• Current – The number of buffers retrieved in current mode (INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements).
Observe from the tkprof output above that the SQL statement performed a TABLE ACCESS FULL, meaning a full-table scan. Full-table scans can degrade performance, especially when accessing a small subset of the data in a table. In this case, the query is selecting one row, yet all 100,000 rows in the table are scanned. This is a perfect situation to add an index on the EMP_ID column of the EMPLOYEE table:
SQL> CREATE INDEX emp_idx1 ON employee (emp_id);
Index created.
Let’s examine the performance of this query again, this time with the index enabled.
select *
from
employee where emp_id = 87933
call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Parse 1 0.03 0.05 1 1 0 0
Execute 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Fetch 2 0.00 0.03 3 4 0 1
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
total 4 0.03 0.09 4 5 0 1
Misses in library cache during parse: 1
Optimizer goal: CHOOSE
Parsing user id: 59
Rows Row Source Operation
------- ---------------------------------------------------
1 TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID EMPLOYEE
1 INDEX RANGE SCAN EMP_IDX1 (object id 30498)
********************************************************************************
The CPU speed improved by a multiple of 11 (.03 vs. .34) compared to the benchmark before the index was added.
The above is an excerpt from Oracle Utilities - Using
Hidden Programs, Import/Export, SQL Loader, oradebug, Dbverify, Tkprof
and More by Rampant TechPress (Dave Moore).
It’s only $19.95 and you can order the
book and get instant access to the online Oracle utilities scripts:
http://www.rampant-books.com/book_2003_1_utils.htm
http://rampant-books.com/book_2003_2_audit.htm
Download your Oracle scripts now: The definitive Oracle Script collection for every Oracle professional DBA |
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